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  HT48CA0 8-bit remote type mcu block diagram rev. 1.30 1 july 16, 2003 features  operating voltage: 2.2v~3.6v  ten bidirectional i/o lines  six schmitt trigger input lines  one carrier output (1 / 2or1 / 3 duty)  on-chip crystal and rc oscillator  watchdog timer  1k  14 program rom  32  8 data ram  halt function and wake-up feature reduce power consumption  up to 1  s instruction cycle with 4mhz system clock  all instructions in 1 or 2 machine cycles  14-bit table read instructions  one-level subroutine nesting  bit manipulation instructions  62 powerful instructions  20/24-pin sop package general description the HT48CA0 is an 8-bit high performance, risc archi - tecture microcontroller device specifically designed for multiple i/o control product applications. this device is the mask version which is fully pin and functionally com - patible with the otp version ht48ra0a device. the advantages of low power consumption, i/o flexibil - ity, timer functions, oscillator options, watchdog timer, halt and wake-up functions, as well as low cost, en - hance the versatility of this device to suit a wide range of application possibilities such as industrial control, con - sumer products, and particularly suitable for use in products such as leisure products, home appliance re - mote controllers and various subsystem controllers.          
          
  
    
  
  
              
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pin assignment pad assignment * the ic substrate should be connected to vss in the pcb layout artwork. * the tmr pad must be bonded to vdd or vss if the tmr pad is not used. pad description pad no. pad name i/o mask option description 1, 22 pb0, pb1 i/o wake-up or none 2-bit bidirectional input/output lines with pull-high resistors. each bit can be determined as nmos output or schmitt trigger input by soft - ware instructions. each bit can also be configured as wake-up input by mask option. 2 pc0/rem o level or carrier level or carrier output pin pc0 can be set as cmos output pin or carrier output pin by mask op - tion. 3 vdd  positive power supply 5 4 osc1 osc2 i o crystal or rc osc1, osc2 are connected to an rc network or a crystal (deter - mined by mask option) for the internal system clock. in the case of rc operation, osc2 is the output terminal for 1/4 system clock (nmos open drain output). HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 2 july 16, 2003  *  1      $  2  3  &  4  5  *  1   1 * 5 4 & 3 2  $       1 * 5 4 & 3 2  $  $  2  3  &  4  5  *  1          $  /   / $   $ )                 6  6       1   *   5   4   &  /   / 1  / *  / 5  / 4  / &          
          
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pad no. pad name i/o mask option description 6 vss  negative power supply, ground 7 res i  schmitt trigger reset input. active low. 13~8 pb2~pb7 i wake-up or none 6-bit schmitt trigger input lines with pull-high resistors. each bit can be configured as a wake-up input by mask option. 21~14 pa0~pa7 i/o  bidirectional 8-bit input/output port with pull-high resistors. each bit can be determined as nmos output or schmitt trigger input by soft - ware instructions. absolute maximum ratings supply voltage ...........................v ss  0.3v to v ss +4.0v storage temperature ............................  50  cto125  c input voltage..............................v ss  0.3v to v dd +0.3v operating temperature...........................  25  cto70  c note: these are stress ratings only. stresses exceeding the range specified under  absolute maximum ratings  may cause substantial damage to the device. functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliabil - ity. d.c. characteristics ta=25  c symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit v dd conditions v dd operating voltage  2.2  3.6 v i dd operating current 3v no load, f sys =4mhz  0.7 1.5 ma i stb standby current 3v no load, system halt  1  a v il1 input low voltage for i/o ports 3v  0  1.05 v v ih1 input high voltage for i/o ports 3v  1.95  3v v il2 input low voltage (res )3v  1.5  v v ih2 input high voltage (res )3v  2.4  v i ol i/o ports sink current 3v v ol =0.3v 1.5 2.5  ma i oh pc0/rem ports source current 3v v oh =2.7v  1  1.5  ma r ph1 pull-high resistance of pa port, pb0~pb1 and res 3v  60  k  r ph2 pull-high resistance of pb2~pb7 3v  60  k  a.c. characteristics ta=25  c symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit v dd conditions f sys system clock 3v  400  4000 khz t res external reset low pulse width  1  s t sst system start-up timer period  power-up or wake-up from halt  1024  t sys note: t sys =1/f sys HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 3 july 16, 2003
HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 4 july 16, 2003 functional description execution flow the HT48CA0 system clock can be derived from a crys - tal/ceramic resonator oscillator. it is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. one instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes one instruction cycle while de - coding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. however, the pipelining scheme causes each instruc - tion to effectively execute within one cycle. if an instruc - tion changes the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. program counter  pc the 10-bit program counter (pc) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in program rom are ex - ecuted and its contents specify a maximum of 1024 ad - dresses. after accessing a program memory word to fetch an in - struction code, the contents of the program counter are incremented by one. the program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. when executing a jump instruction, conditional skip ex - ecution, loading pcl register, subroutine call, initial re- set or return from subroutine, the pc manipulates the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. the conditional skip is activated by instruction. once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. otherwise proceed with the next instruction. the lower byte of the program counter (pcl) is a read - able and writeable register (06h). moving data into the pcl performs a short jump. the destination will be within 256 locations. when a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. program memory  rom the program memory is used to store the program in - structions which are to be executed. it also contains data and table and is organized into 1024  14 bits, ad - dressed by the program counter and table pointer. certain locations in the program memory are reserved for special usage:  location 000h this area is reserved for the initialization program. af - ter chip reset, the program always begins execution at location 000h.  table location any location in the rom space can be used as look-up tables. the instructions tabrdc [m] (the cur- rent page, 1 page=256 words) and tabrdl [m] (the      1  *      1  *      1  * ,
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  #    0   execution flow mode program counter *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 initial reset 0000000000 skip pc+2 loading pcl *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 jump, call branch #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 return from subroutine s9 s8 s7 s6 s5 s4 s3 s2 s1 s0 program counter note: *9~*0: program counter bits #9~#0: instruction code bits
HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 5 july 16, 2003 last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to tblh (08h). only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word are transferred to the lower por - tion of tblh, the remaining 2 bits are read as  0  . the table higher-order byte register (tblh) is read only. the table pointer (tblp) is a read/write register (07h), where p indicates the table location. before accessing the table, the location must be placed in tblp. the tblh is read only and cannot be restored. all table re- lated instructions need 2 cycles to complete the oper- ation. these areas may function as normal program memory depending upon the requirements. stack register  stack this is a special part of the memory used to save the contents of the program counter (pc) only. the stack is organized into one level and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither readable nor writeable. the activated level is indexed by the stack pointer (sp) and is neither readable nor writeable. at a subroutine call the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. at the end of a subroutine sig - naled by a return instruction (ret), the program counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. after a chip reset, the sp will point to the top of the stack. if the stack is full and a  call  is subsequently exe - cuted, stack overflow occurs and the first entry will be lost (only the most recent return address is stored). data memory  ram the data memory is designed with 42  8 bits. the data memory is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose data memory (32  8). most of them are read/write, but some are read only. the special function registers include the indirect address - ing register (00h), the memory pointer register (mp;01h), $ $ $ >  .   #  
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 # 1 , , > program memory instruction(s) table location *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0 tabrdc [m] p9 p8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 tabrdl [m] 1 1 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0 table location note: *9~*0: table location bits @7~@0: table pointer bits p9~p8: current program counter bits    0 #    @       #    ' 7 1  # / 
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HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 6 july 16, 2003 the accumulator (acc;05h) the program counter lower-order byte register (pcl;06h), the table pointer (tblp;07h), the table higher-order byte register (tblh;08h), the status register (status;0ah) and the i/o registers (pa;12h, pb;14h, pc;16h). the remaining space before the 20h is reserved for future expanded us - age and reading these locations will return the result 00h. the general purpose data memory, addressed from 20h to 3fh, is used for data and control information under in - struction command. all data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, in - crement, decrement and rotate operations directly. ex - cept for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and reset by the set [m].i and clr [m].i instructions, respectively. they are also indirectly accessible through memory pointer register (mp;01h). indirect addressing register location 00h is an indirect addressing register that is not physically implemented. any read/write operation of [00h] accesses data memory pointed to by mp (01h). reading location 00h itself indirectly will return the re - sult 00h. writing indirectly results in no operation. the memory pointer register mp(01h) is a 6-bit register. the bit 7~6 of mp is undefined and reading will return the result  1  . any writing operation to mp will only trans- fer the lower 6-bit data to mp. accumulator the accumulator closely relates to alu operations. it is also mapped to location 05h of the data memory and is capable of carrying out immediate data operations. data movement between two data memory locations has to pass through the accumulator. arithmetic and logic unit  alu this circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operation. the alu provides the following functions.  arithmetic operations (add, adc, sub, sbc, daa)  logic operations (and, or, xor, cpl)  rotation (rl, rr, rlc, rrc)  increment and decrement (inc, dec)  branch decision (sz, snz, siz, sdz ....) the alu not only saves the results of a data operation but also changes the contents of the status register. status register  status this 8-bit status register ( 0ah ) contains the zero flag (z), carry flag (c), auxiliary carry flag (ac), overflow flag (ov), power down flag (pd) and watchdog time-out flag (to). it also records the status information and controls the operation sequence. with the exception of the to and pd flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions like most other register. any data written into the status register will not change the to or pd flags. in addition it should be noted that operations related to the status register may give different results from those intended. the to and pd flags can only be changed by the watchdog timer overflow, chip power-up, clearing the watchdog timer and executing the halt instruction. the z, ov, ac and c flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations. in addition, on executing the subroutine call, the status register will not be automatically pushed onto the stack. if the contents of the status are important and if the sub- routine can corrupt the status register, precautions must be taken to save it properly. labels bits function c0 c is set if the operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise c is cleared. c is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. ac 1 ac is set if the operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise ac is cleared. z 2 z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero; otherwise z is cleared. ov 3 ov is set if the operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the high - est-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise ov is cleared. pd 4 pd is cleared when either a system power-up or executing the clr wdt instruction. pd is set by executing the halt instruction. to 5 to is cleared by a system power-up or executing the clr wdt or halt instruction. to is set by a wdt time-out.  6~7 unused bit, read as  0  status register
HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 7 july 16, 2003 oscillator configuration there are two oscillator circuits in the HT48CA0. both are designed for system clocks; the rc oscillator and the crystal oscillator, which are determined by mask options. no matter what oscillator type is selected, the signal provides the system clock. the halt mode stops the system oscillator and ignores the external sig - nal to conserve power. if an rc oscillator is used, an external resistor between osc1 and vss in needed and the resistance must range from 51k  to 1m  . the system clock, divided by 4, is available on osc2, which can be used to synchro - nize external logic. the rc oscillator provides the most cost effective solution. however, the frequency of the oscillation may vary with vdd, temperature and the chip itself due to process variations. it is, therefore, not suit - able for timing sensitive operations where accurate os- cillator frequency is desired. if the crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across osc1 and osc2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase shift for the oscillator. no other external components are needed. instead of a crystal, the resonator can also be connected between osc1 and osc2 to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors in osc1 and osc2 are required. watchdog timer  wdt the clock source of the wdt is implemented by instruc - tion clock (system clock divided by 4). the clock source is processed by a frequency divider and a prescaller to yield various time out periods. wdt time out period = clock source 2 n where n= 8~11 selected by mask option. this timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence jumping to an unknown location with un - predictable results. the watchdog timer can be dis - abled by mask option. if the watchdog timer is disabled, all the executions related to the wdt result in no opera - tion and the wdt will lose its protection purpose. in this situation the logic can only be restarted by an external logic. a wdt overflow under normal operation will initialize chip reset and set the status bit  to  . to clear the con - tents of the wdt prescaler, three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level to res ), software instructions, or a halt instruction. there are two types of software instructions. one type is the single instruction  clr wdt  , the other type comprises two instructions,  clr wdt1  and  clr wdt2  . of these two types of instruc - tions, only one can be active depending on the mask op - tion  clr wdt times selection option  .ifthe  clr wdt  is selected (i.e.. clr wdt times equal one), any execution of the clr wdt instruction will clear the wdt. in case  clr wdt1  and  clr wdt2  are chosen (i.e.. clr wdt times equal two), these two instructions must be executed to clear the wdt; otherwise, the wdt may reset the chip due to a time-out. power down operation  halt the halt mode is initialized by the halt instruction and results in the following...  the system oscillator turns off and the wdt stops.  the contents of the on-chip ram and registers remain unchanged.  wdt prescaler are cleared.  all i/o ports maintain their original status.  the pd flag is set and the to flag is cleared. the system can quit the halt mode by means of an ex - ternal reset or an external falling edge signal on port b. an external reset causes a device initialization. exam - ining the to and pd flags, the reason for chip reset can   0   = #      7   
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HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 8 july 16, 2003 be determined. the pd flag is cleared when the system powers up or execute the clr wdt instruction and is set when the halt instruction is executed. the to flag is set if the wdt time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the pc (program counter) and sp, the others keep their original status. the port b wake-up can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. each bit in port b can be independ - ently selected to wake up the device by the mask option. awakening from an i/o port stimulus, the program will resume execution of the next instruction. once a wake-up event(s) occurs, it takes 1024 t sys (system clock period) to resume normal operation. in other words, a dummy cycle period will be inserted after the wake-up. to minimize power consumption, all i/o pins should be carefully managed before entering the halt status. reset there are three ways in which a reset can occur:  res reset during normal operation  res reset during halt  wdt time-out reset during normal operation some registers remain unchanged during reset condi - tions. most registers are reset to the  initial condition  when the reset conditions are met. by examining the pd and to flags, the program can distinguish between dif- ferent  chip resets  . to pd reset conditions 0 0 res reset during power-up u u res reset during normal operation 0 1 res wake-up halt 1 u wdt time-out during normal operation note:  u  means unchanged to guarantee that the system oscillator has started and stabilized, the sst (system start-up timer) provides an extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the sys - tem powers up or when the system awakes from a halt state. +   +      ;  

  
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reset timing chart the chip reset status of the registers is summarized in the following table: register reset (power on) wdt time-out (normal operation) res reset (normal operation) res reset (halt) pc (program counter) 000h 000h 000h 000h mp -xxx xxxx -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu acc xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu tblp xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu tblh --xx xxxx --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --uu uuuu status --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu pa 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 pb 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 pc ---- ---1 ---- ---1 ---- ---1 ---- ---1 note:  u  means unchanged  x  means unknown
HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 9 july 16, 2003 when a system power up occurs, an sst delay is added during the reset period. but when the reset comes from the res pin, the sst delay is disabled. any wake-up from halt will enable the sst delay. the functional unit chip reset status is shown below. pc 000h wdt prescaler clear input/output ports input mode sp points to the top of the stack carrier output low level carrier the HT48CA0 provides a carrier output which shares the pin with pc0. it can be selected to be a carrier output (rem) or level output pin (pc0) by mask option. if the carrier output option is selected, setting pc0=  0  to en - able carrier output and setting pc0=  1  to disable it at low level output. the clock source of the carrier is implemented by in - struction clock (system clock divided by 4) and pro - cessed by a frequency divider to yield various carry frequency. carry frequency= clock source m2 n where m=2 or 3 and n=0~3, both are selected by mask option. if m=2, the duty cycle of the carrier output is 1 / 2 duty. if m=3, the duty cycle of the carrier output can be 1 / 2 duty or 1 / 3 duty also determined by mask option (with the exception of n=0). detailed selection of the carrier duty is shown below: m  2 n duty cycle 2, 4, 8, 16 1 / 2 31 / 3 6, 12, 24 1 / 2or1 / 3 the following table shows examples of carrier fre - quency selection. f sys f c arrier duty m  2 n 455khz 37.92khz 1 / 3 only 3 56.9khz 1 / 2 only 2 input/output ports there are an 8-bit bidirectional input/output port, a 6-bit input with 2-bit i/o port and one-bit output port in the HT48CA0, labeled pa, pb and pc which are mapped to [12h], [14h], [16h] of the ram, respectively. each bit of pa can be selected as nmos output or schmitt trigger with pull-high resistor by software instruction. pb0~pb1 have the same structure with pa, while pb2~pb7 can only be used for input operation (schmitt trigger with pull-high resistors). pc is only one-bit output port shares the pin with carrier output. if the level option is selected, the pc is cmos output. both pa and pb for the input operation, these ports are non-latched, that is, the inputs should be ready at the t2 rising edge of the instruction  mov a, [m]  (m=12h or 14h). for pa, pb0~pb1 and pc output operation, all data are latched and remain unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. when the pa and pb0~pb1 is used for input operation, it should be noted that before reading data from pads, a  1  should be written to the related bits to disable the nmos device. that is, the instruction  set [m].i  (i=0~7 for pa, i=0~1 for pb) is executed first to disable related nmos device, and then  mov a, [m]  to get stable data. after chip reset, pa and pb remain at a high level input line while pc remain at high level output, if the level op- tion is selected. each bit of pa, pb0~pb1 and pc output latches can be set or cleared by the  set [m].i  and  clr [m].i  ? (m=12h, 14h or 16h) instructions respectively. some instructions first input data and then follow the output operations. for example,  set [m].i  ,  clr [m]  ,  cpl [m]  ,  cpla [m]  read the entire port states into the cpu, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or to the accumulator. each line of pb has a wake-up capability to the device by mask option. the highest seven bits of pc are not physically implemented, on reading them a  0  is re - turned and writing results in a no-operation.          
 
                    
                
 
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             pb input lines mask option the following table shows eight kinds of mask option in the HT48CA0. all the mask options must be defined to ensure proper system functioning. no. mask option 1 wdt time-out period selection time-out period= clock source 2 n where n=8~11. 2 wdt enable/disable selection. this option is to decide whether the wdt timer is enabled or disabled. 3 clr wdt times selection. this option defines how to clear the wdt by instruction.  one time  means that the clr wdt instruction can clear the wdt.  two times  means only if both of the clr wdt1 and clr wdt2 instructions have been executed, the wdt can be cleared. 4 wake-up selection. this option defines the wake-up activity function. external input pins (pb only) all have the capability to wake-up the chip from a halt. 5 carrier/level output selection. this option defines the activity of pc0 to be carrier output or level output. 6 carry frequency selection. carry frequency= clock source (2 or 3) 2 n where n=0~3. 7 carrier duty selection. there are two types of selection: 1 / 2 duty or 1 / 3 duty. if carrier frequency=clock source / (2, 4, 8 or 16), the duty cycle will be 1 / 2 duty. if carrier frequency=clock source / 3, the duty cycle will be 1 / 3 duty. if carrier frequency=clock source / (6, 12 or 24), the duty cycle can be 1 / 2 duty or 1 / 3 duty. 8 osc type selection. this option is to decide if an rc or crystal oscillator is chosen as system clock. if the crystal oscillator is selected, the xst (crystal start-up timer) default is activated, otherwise the xst is disabled. 
application circuits note: it is recommended that a 100  f decoupling capacitor is placed between vss and vdd. the following table shows the r* and c* value according different crystal values. crystal or resonator c* r* 4mhz crystal 0pf 10k  4mhz resonator (3 pin) 0pf 12k  4mhz resonator (2 pin) 10pf 12k  3.58mhz crystal 0pf 10k  3.58mhz resonator (2 pin) 25pf 10k  2mhz crystal & resonator (2 pin) 25pf 10k  1mhz crystal 35pf 27k  429khz resonator 300pf 10k  455khz resonator 300pf 10k  480khz resonator 300pf 9.1k  HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 11 july 16, 2003                $ +  (  )  $ +  ( / ) ( /  ( /  ( /  ( 1 ) ( 1  ( 1  ( 1  ( 1  ( 1 6 ( 1 7 ( 1 5 ( / 5 ( / 7 ( / 6 ( /  #  8 9 :   

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instruction set summary mnemonic description instruction cycle flag affected arithmetic add a,[m] addm a,[m] add a,x adc a,[m] adcm a,[m] sub a,x sub a,[m] subm a,[m] sbc a,[m] sbcm a,[m] daa [m] add data memory to acc add acc to data memory add immediate data to acc add data memory to acc with carry add acc to data memory with carry subtract immediate data from acc subtract data memory from acc subtract data memory from acc with result in data memory subtract data memory from acc with carry subtract data memory from acc with carry and result in data memory decimal adjust acc for addition with result in data memory 1 1 (1) 1 1 1 (1) 1 1 1 (1) 1 1 (1) 1 (1) z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov z,c,ac,ov c logic operation and a,[m] or a,[m] xor a,[m] andm a,[m] orm a,[m] xorm a,[m] and a,x or a,x xor a,x cpl [m] cpla [m] and data memory to acc or data memory to acc exclusive-or data memory to acc and acc to data memory or acc to data memory exclusive-or acc to data memory and immediate data to acc or immediate data to acc exclusive-or immediate data to acc complement data memory complement data memory with result in acc 1 1 1 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 1 1 1 (1) 1 z z z z z z z z z z z increment & decrement inca [m] inc [m] deca [m] dec [m] increment data memory with result in acc increment data memory decrement data memory with result in acc decrement data memory 1 1 (1) 1 1 (1) z z z z rotate rra [m] rr [m] rrca [m] rrc [m] rla [m] rl [m] rlca [m] rlc [m] rotate data memory right with result in acc rotate data memory right rotate data memory right through carry with result in acc rotate data memory right through carry rotate data memory left with result in acc rotate data memory left rotate data memory left through carry with result in acc rotate data memory left through carry 1 1 (1) 1 1 (1) 1 1 (1) 1 1 (1) none none c c none none c c data move mov a,[m] mov [m],a mov a,x move data memory to acc move acc to data memory move immediate data to acc 1 1 (1) 1 none none none bit operation clr [m].i set [m].i clear bit of data memory set bit of data memory 1 (1) 1 (1) none none HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 12 july 16, 2003
mnemonic description instruction cycle flag affected branch jmp addr sz [m] sza [m] sz [m].i snz [m].i siz [m] sdz [m] siza [m] sdza [m] call addr ret ret a,x jump unconditionally skip if data memory is zero skip if data memory is zero with data movement to acc skip if bit i of data memory is zero skip if bit i of data memory is not zero skip if increment data memory is zero skip if decrement data memory is zero skip if increment data memory is zero with result in acc skip if decrement data memory is zero with result in acc subroutine call return from subroutine return from subroutine and load immediate data to acc 2 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 (2) 1 (2) 2 2 2 none none none none none none none none none none none none table read tabrdc [m] tabrdl [m] read rom code (current page) to data memory and tblh read rom code (last page) to data memory and tblh 2 (1) 2 (1) none none miscellaneous nop clr [m] set [m] clr wdt clr wdt1 clr wdt2 swap [m] swapa [m] halt no operation clear data memory set data memory clear watchdog timer pre-clear watchdog timer pre-clear watchdog timer swap nibbles of data memory swap nibbles of data memory with result in acc enter power down mode 1 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 1 1 1 (1) 1 1 none none none to,pd to (4) ,pd (4) to (4) ,pd (4) none none to,pd note: x: immediate data m: data memory address a: accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: program memory address : flag is affected  : flag is not affected (1) : if a loading to the pcl register occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle (four system clocks). (2) : if a skipping to the next instruction occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle (four system clocks). otherwise the original instruction cycle is unchanged. (3) : (1) and (2) (4) : the flags may be affected by the execution status. if the watchdog timer is cleared by executing the clr wdt1 or clr wdt2 instruction, the to and pd are cleared. otherwise the to and pd flags remain unchanged. HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 13 july 16, 2003
instruction definition adc a,[m] add data memory and carry to the accumulator description the contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added si - multaneously, leaving the result in the accumulator. operation acc
acc+[m]+c affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  adcm a,[m] add the accumulator and carry to data memory description the contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added si - multaneously, leaving the result in the specified data memory. operation [m]
acc+[m]+c affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  add a,[m] add data memory to the accumulator description the contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. the result is stored in the accumulator. operation acc
acc+[m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  add a,x add immediate data to the accumulator description the contents of the accumulator and the specified data are added, leaving the result in the accumulator. operation acc
acc+x affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  addm a,[m] add the accumulator to the data memory description the contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. the result is stored in the data memory. operation [m]
acc+[m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 14 july 16, 2003
and a,[m] logical and accumulator with data memory description data in the accumulator and the specified data memory perform a bitwise logical_and op - eration. the result is stored in the accumulator. operation acc
acc  and  [m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   and a,x logical and immediate data to the accumulator description data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_and operation. the result is stored in the accumulator. operation acc
acc  and  x affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   andm a,[m] logical and data memory with the accumulator description data in the specified data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_and op - eration. the result is stored in the data memory. operation [m]
acc  and  [m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   call addr subroutine call description the instruction unconditionally calls a subroutine located at the indicated address. the program counter increments once to obtain the address of the next instruction, and pushes this onto the stack. the indicated address is then loaded. program execution continues with the instruction at this address. operation stack
pc+1 pc
addr affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    clr [m] clear data memory description the contents of the specified data memory are cleared to 0. operation [m]
00h affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 15 july 16, 2003
clr [m].i clear bit of data memory description the bit i of the specified data memory is cleared to 0. operation [m].i
0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    clr wdt clear watchdog timer description the wdt is cleared (clears the wdt). the power down bit (pd) and time-out bit (to) are cleared. operation wdt
00h pd and to
0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  00  clr wdt1 preclear watchdog timer description together with clr wdt2, clears the wdt. pd and to are also cleared. only execution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction just sets the indicated flag which im - plies this instruction has been executed and the to and pd flags remain unchanged. operation wdt
00h* pd and to
0* affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  0* 0*  clr wdt2 preclear watchdog timer description together with clr wdt1, clears the wdt. pd and to are also cleared. only execution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction, sets the indicated flag which implies this instruction has been executed and the to and pd flags remain unchanged. operation wdt
00h* pd and to
0* affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  0* 0*  cpl [m] complement data memory description each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1 s complement). bits which previously containe d a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. operation [m]
[m ] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 16 july 16, 2003
cpla [m] complement data memory and place result in the accumulator description each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1 s complement). bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. the complemented result is stored in the accumulator and the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. operation acc
[m ] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   daa [m] decimal-adjust accumulator for addition description the accumulator value is adjusted to the bcd (binary coded decimal) code. the accumu - lator is divided into two nibbles. each nibble is adjusted to the bcd code and an internal carry (ac1) will be done if the low nibble of the accumulator is greater than 9. the bcd ad - justment is done by adding 6 to the original value if the original value is greater than 9 or a carry (ac or c) is set; otherwise the original value remains unchanged. the result is stored in the data memory and only the carry flag (c) may be affected. operation if acc.3~acc.0 >9 or ac=1 then [m].3~[m].0
(acc.3~acc.0)+6, ac1=ac else [m].3~[m].0
(acc.3~acc.0), ac1=0 and if acc.7~acc.4+ac1 >9 or c=1 then [m].7~[m].4
acc.7~acc.4+6+ac1,c=1 else [m].7~[m].4
acc.7~acc.4+ac1,c=c affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    dec [m] decrement data memory description data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1. operation [m]
[m]  1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   deca [m] decrement data memory and place result in the accumulator description data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumula - tor. the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. operation acc
[m]  1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 17 july 16, 2003
halt enter power down mode description this instruction stops program execution and turns off the system clock. the contents of the ram and registers are retained. the wdt and prescaler are cleared. the power down bit (pd) is set and the wdt time-out bit (to) is cleared. operation pc
pc+1 pd
1 to
0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  01  inc [m] increment data memory description data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1 operation [m]
[m]+1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   inca [m] increment data memory and place result in the accumulator description data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumula - tor. the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. operation acc
[m]+1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   jmp addr directly jump description the program counter are replaced with the directly-specified address unconditionally, and control is passed to this destination. operation pc
addr affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    mov a,[m] move data memory to the accumulator description the contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. operation acc
[m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 18 july 16, 2003
mov a,x move immediate data to the accumulator description the 8-bit data specified by the code is loaded into the accumulator. operation acc
x affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    mov [m],a move the accumulator to data memory description the contents of the accumulator are copied to the specified data memory (one of the data memories). operation [m]
acc affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    nop no operation description no operation is performed. execution continues with the next instruction. operation pc
pc+1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    or a,[m] logical or accumulator with data memory description data in the accumulator and the specified data memory (one of the data memories) per- form a bitwise logical_or operation. the result is stored in the accumulator. operation acc
acc  or  [m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   or a,x logical or immediate data to the accumulator description data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_or operation. the result is stored in the accumulator. operation acc
acc  or  x affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   orm a,[m] logical or data memory with the accumulator description data in the data memory (one of the data memories) and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_or operation. the result is stored in the data memory. operation [m]
acc  or  [m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 19 july 16, 2003
ret return from subroutine description the program counter is restored from the stack. this is a 2-cycle instruction. operation pc
stack affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    ret a,x return and place immediate data in the accumulator description the program counter is restored from the stack and the accumulator loaded with the speci - fied 8-bit immediate data. operation pc
stack acc
x affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    rl [m] rotate data memory left description the contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. operation [m].(i+1)
[m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0
[m].7 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    rla [m] rotate data memory left and place result in the accumulator description data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. operation acc.(i+1)
[m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) acc.0
[m].7 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    rlc [m] rotate data memory left through carry description the contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. bit 7 re - places the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0 position. operation [m].(i+1)
[m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0
c c
[m].7 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 20 july 16, 2003
rlca [m] rotate left through carry and place result in the accumulator description data in the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. bit 7 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0 position. the rotated result is stored in the accumulator but the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. operation acc.(i+1)
[m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) acc.0
c c
[m].7 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    rr [m] rotate data memory right description the contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated to bit 7. operation [m].i
[m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7
[m].0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    rra [m] rotate right and place result in the accumulator description data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated into bit 7, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. operation acc.(i)
[m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) acc.7
[m].0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    rrc [m] rotate data memory right through carry description the contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are together rotated 1 bit right. bit 0 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. operation [m].i
[m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7
c c
[m].0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    rrca [m] rotate right through carry and place result in the accumulator description data of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit right. bit 0 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. the rotated result is stored in the accumulator. the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. operation acc.i
[m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) acc.7
c c
[m].0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 21 july 16, 2003
sbc a,[m] subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator description the contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub - tracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. operation acc
acc+[m ]+c affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  sbcm a,[m] subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator description the contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub - tracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory. operation [m]
acc+[m ]+c affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  sdz [m] skip if decrement data memory is 0 description the contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. if the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped. if the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruc - tion (2 cycles). otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). operation skip if ([m]  1)=0, [m]
([m]  1) affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    sdza [m] decrement data memory and place result in acc, skip if 0 description the contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. if the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped. the result is stored in the accumulator but the data memory remains unchanged. if the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cy - cles). otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). operation skip if ([m]  1)=0, acc
([m]  1) affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    set [m] set data memory description each bit of the specified data memory is set to 1. operation [m]
ffh affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 22 july 16, 2003
set [m]. i set bit of data memory description bit i of the specified data memory is set to 1. operation [m].i
1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    siz [m] skip if increment data memory is 0 description the contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. if the result is 0, the fol - lowing instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). operation skip if ([m]+1)=0, [m]
([m]+1) affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    siza [m] increment data memory and place result in acc, skip if 0 description the contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. if the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped and the result is stored in the accumulator. the data memory re - mains unchanged. if the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current in - struction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). operation skip if ([m]+1)=0, acc
([m]+1) affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    snz [m].i skip if bit i of the data memory is not 0 description if bit i of the specified data memory is not 0, the next instruction is skipped. if bit i of the data memory is not 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). other - wise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). operation skip if [m].i 0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    sub a,[m] subtract data memory from the accumulator description the specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. operation acc
acc+[m ]+1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 23 july 16, 2003
subm a,[m] subtract data memory from the accumulator description the specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory. operation [m]
acc+[m ]+1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  sub a,x subtract immediate data from the accumulator description the immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the accumula - tor, leaving the result in the accumulator. operation acc
acc+x +1 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c  swap [m] swap nibbles within the data memory description the low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory (1 of the data memo - ries) are interchanged. operation [m].3~[m].0 [m].7~[m].4 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    swapa [m] swap data memory and place result in the accumulator description the low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory are interchanged, writ- ing the result to the accumulator. the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. operation acc.3~acc.0
[m].7~[m].4 acc.7~acc.4
[m].3~[m].0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    sz [m] skip if data memory is 0 description if the contents of the specified data memory are 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). operation skip if [m]=0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 24 july 16, 2003
sza [m] move data memory to acc, skip if 0 description the contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. if the contents is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). operation skip if [m]=0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    sz [m].i skip if bit i of the data memory is 0 description if bit i of the specified data memory is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruc - tion (2 cycles). otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). operation skip if [m].i=0 affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    tabrdc [m] move the rom code (current page) to tblh and data memory description the low byte of rom code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (tblp) is moved to the specified data memory and the high byte transferred to tblh directly. operation [m]
rom code (low byte) tblh
rom code (high byte) affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    tabrdl [m] move the rom code (last page) to tblh and data memory description the low byte of rom code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (tblp) is moved to the data memory and the high byte transferred to tblh directly. operation [m]
rom code (low byte) tblh
 code (high byte) affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c    xor a,[m] logical xor accumulator with data memory description data in the accumulator and the indicated data memory perform a bitwise logical exclu - sive_or operation and the result is stored in the accumulator. operation acc
acc  xor  [m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 25 july 16, 2003
xorm a,[m] logical xor data memory with the accumulator description data in the indicated data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical exclu - sive_or operation. the result is stored in the data memory. the 0 flag is affected. operation [m]
acc  xor  [m] affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   xor a,x logical xor immediate data to the accumulator description data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical exclusive_or op - eration. the result is stored in the accumulator. the 0 flag is affected. operation acc
acc  xor  x affected flag(s) tc2 tc1 to pd ov z ac c   HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 26 july 16, 2003
package information 20-pin sop (300mil) outline dimensions symbol dimensions in mil min. nom. max. a 394  419 b 290  300 c14  20 c 490  510 d92  104 e  50  f4  g32  38 h4  12  0  10  HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 27 july 16, 2003  $     $  /    ,  h  > 
24-pin sop (300mil) outline dimensions symbol dimensions in mil min. nom. max. a 394  419 b 290  300 c14  20 c 590  614 d92  104 e  50  f4  g32  38 h4  12  0  10  HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 28 july 16, 2003  *   1    /    ,  h  > 
product tape and reel specifications reel dimensions sop 20w symbol description dimensions in mm a reel outer diameter 330  1.0 b reel inner diameter 62  1.5 c spindle hole diameter 13.0+0.5  0.2 d key slit width 2.0  0.5 t1 space between flange 24.8+0.3  0.2 t2 reel thickness 30.2  0.2 sop 24w symbol description dimensions in mm a reel outer diameter 330  1.0 b reel inner diameter 62  1.5 c spindle hole diameter 13.0+0.5  0.2 d key slit width 2.0  0.5 t1 space between flange 24.8+0.3  0.2 t2 reel thickness 30.2  0.2 HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 29 july 16, 2003        
carrier tape dimensions sop 20w symbol description dimensions in mm w carrier tape width 24.0+0.3  0.1 p cavity pitch 12.0  0.1 e perforation position 1.75  0.1 f cavity to perforation (width direction) 11.5  0.1 d perforation diameter 1.5+0.1 d1 cavity hole diameter 1.5+0.25 p0 perforation pitch 4.0  0.1 p1 cavity to perforation (length direction) 2.0  0.1 a0 cavity length 10.8  0.1 b0 cavity width 13.3  0.1 k0 cavity depth 3.2  0.1 t carrier tape thickness 0.3  0.05 c cover tape width 21.3 sop 24w symbol description dimensions in mm w carrier tape width 24.0  0.3 p cavity pitch 12.0  0.1 e perforation position 1.75  0.1 f cavity to perforation (width direction) 11.5  0.1 d perforation diameter 1.55+0.1 d1 cavity hole diameter 1.5+0.25 p0 perforation pitch 4.0  0.1 p1 cavity to perforation (length direction) 2.0  0.1 a0 cavity length 10.9  0.1 b0 cavity width 15.9  0.1 k0 cavity depth 3.1  0.1 t carrier tape thickness 0.35  0.05 c cover tape width 21.3 HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 30 july 16, 2003             
 
HT48CA0 rev. 1.30 31 july 16, 2003 copyright  2003 by holtek semiconductor inc. the information appearing in this data sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. however, holtek as - sumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. the applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. holtek  s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. for the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw. holtek semiconductor inc. (headquarters) no.3, creation rd. ii, science park, hsinchu, taiwan tel: 886-3-563-1999 fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw holtek semiconductor inc. (taipei sales office) 4f-2, no. 3-2, yuanqu st., nankang software park, taipei 115, taiwan tel: 886-2-2655-7070 fax: 886-2-2655-7373 fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (international sales hotline) holtek semiconductor (china) inc. (dongguan sales office) building no. 10, xinzhu court, (no. 1 headquarters), 4 cuizhu road, songshan lake, dongguan, china 523808 tel: 86-769-2626-1300 fax: 86-769-2626-1311 holtek semiconductor (usa), inc. (north america sales office) 46729 fremont blvd., fremont, ca 94538, usa tel: 1-510-252-9880 fax: 1-510-252-9885 http://www.holtek.com


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